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Heroin drug addiction

Heroin drug addiction treatment


Treatment for heroin drug addiction should begin at a medically supervised detoxification center, where the patient will receive professional drug addiction treatment care for the management of  withdrawal symptoms.

After detox, the patient should go directly to a licensed drug addiction treatment facility. Heroin addicts should consider remaining in a drug addiction treatment program longer than the traditional 28 days. Many drug treatment centers offer such extended care options.

Heroin, referred to among users and abusers as "smack," "thunder," "hell dust" and "Big H," is a highly potent and illegal opiate drug. Originally created from morphine that comes from the seed pod of particular poppy plants, heroin was first produced commercially in 1898 as a pain remedy and its addictive nature remained unknown for years.In 1914 it became a controlled substance under the Harrison Narcotic Act.

Heroin comes in various forms, but pure heroin is a white powder with a bitter taste. It is characteristically sold as whitish or brownish powder, or as a black sticky substance known on the streets as black tar. This latter form of heroin resembles roofing tar and is hard like coal. Heroin comes in other colors, a result of impurities left over from the manufacturing process or the presence of additives. Acting very quickly on the body, heroin is considered one of the most abused of the opiates and can be found on the black market, cut or mixed with other drugs or substances such as sugar, starch, powdered milk, quinine or more lethal substances such as strychnine. Heroin allows easy transmission of HIV and other diseases from sharing needles and other injection paraphernalia.

Heroin Effects

Like cocaine, heroin can be injected, smoked, or snorted resulting in short and long-term effects. Injection of the drug has been popular due to its immediate euphoric feeling. The risks associated with IV use are more feared than sniffing the drug. Either way, heroin remains predictively addictive. Still, the speed at which one attains the feeling of euphoria remains a determining factor in the choice of using among its users. For example, intravenous users experience the high within 7 to 8 seconds after injection, while intramuscular injection is slower, taking 5 to 8 minutes before the euphoric feeling sets in. When heroin is sniffed or smoked, it takes up to 15 minutes for its effects to set in.

heroin abuse

One of the most significant consequences of heroin use is drug addiction. As soon as heroin is ingested, it passes through the blood-brain barrier. While in the brain, it then converts into morphine and begins to bind rapidly. With regular heroin use, a tolerance develops and the abuser subsequently seeks higher doses. This results in physical dependence and eventual addiction.

heroin effects

In addition to the initial feeling of euphoria, the short-term effects of heroin include some of the following: rush or surge of pleasurable sensations, heavy feeling in arms and legs, nausea and vomiting, dry mouth, severe itching, drowsiness following initial effects, warm flushing of the skin, slowed mental function and slower than normal cardiac rate.

Chronic long-term users may develop collapsed veins, infection of the heart lining and valves, abscesses and other soft tissue infections, liver disease, pulmonary complications, such as pneumonia, HIV/AIDS Hepatitis B and C (contracted by sharing and reusing needles and other injection apparatus).

In addition to the effects of the drug itself, street heroin may contain diluted additives which cause blood vessels to clog because the additives do not dissolve when injected. When this occurs, blood leading to the various organs, like the lungs, liver, kidneys or brain may become infected and experience permanent damage. Heroin laced with fentanyl has been known to cause death within hours. Many users do not know the actual strength of the drug they are using which can lead to overdose or death.

Heroin withdrawal

Major heroin withdrawal symptoms occur between 48 and 72 hours after the most recent dose and subside after about a week. If the drug is withdrawn or reduced, the addict may experience withdrawal symptoms such as drug cravings, restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes accompanied by goose bumps and involuntary leg movement.

Heroin drug addiction treatment

Outside of licensed medical drug addiction treatment programs and drug addiction assistance, heroin withdrawal symptoms are exceptionally uncomfortable and intolerable. For highly dependent heroin users, abrupt withdrawal can prove fatal. Fortunately, there are competent drug addiction treatment centers that offer the addict safe, professional detoxification.For more than three decades, methadone has been used in the treatment of heroin addiction as well as other opiate addictions. Methadone suppresses heroin withdrawal symptoms for up to 36 hours. Despite still being physically dependent on heroin, cravings are greatly reduced and the highs and lows are blocked. The patient is freed from the uncontrolled, compulsive and disruptive behavior associated with heroin addiction.Other pharmaceutical approaches include the use of naloxone, naltrexone, buprenorphine and suboxene.Detoxification is simply the first step to recovery; it only relieves the withdrawal symptoms experienced by the patient when substance use is discontinued and is not a treatment for addiction.

Following the detoxification period, the heroin addict should enter a drug and alcohol addiction treatment center for a duration of at least 28 days and a longer-term inpatient program is strongly suggested. Heroin is a cruel master, physically and psychologically, and the addict is much more likely to stay sober with the help of longer-term drug addiction treatment program.

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